LESSON 2 THE STUDY OF COMMUNICATION
Communication as Human Activity
INFORMAL : This is the type of communication usually used with family and friends, contains shortened version of words, contains slang
Training in informal communication need not take place in class, we learn from imitation, trial and error.
Informal communication would be like having an online chatting or just having a conversation with a friend.
FORMAL : This is the type of communication is used in professional setting with proper conversation, no slang, manners are often used
Training in Formal communication takes place in school or structured classes. Instead of learning through imitation, learning takes place through examination of the nature of communication, interpersonal, small groups, and public speaking.
Formal Communication would be writing a business or other letter within the guidelines of that genre. Such as a cover letter for a resume', or a thank you letter or note for a present received.
It depends on what you are talking about. Formal in English is like hello and informal is hey. You would say hello if you were meeting someone important and hey if you were meeting a friend or family. In different languages it is different. Another example, yes and yeah
Communication is an integral part of life.
Communication begets more communication. When we receive story, we respond to it and then recount the tale to someone else.
We may think about the story to decide its application to our situation.
Also when we hear one story, we may feel motivated to tell our own story.
The study of communication is an integral part of life because people are able to read, understand and comment an idea is an example of our ability to learn language, to identify symbols and to respond to others.
The Canterbury effect refers to the situation whereby when we hear one story, we may feel motivated to tell a story of our own.
Communication as Human Activity:
Two reasons which distinguish human communication from animal communication are
We possess not only the ability to send and receive messages
We possess the ability to create, analyze and change our own patterns of communication.
This is because Human beings can think and talk about the past, present and the future. We can think and talk about what we see and unseen and we can think and talk from our imagination.
Importance of Communication Study
1. To create and sustain all our endeavors e.g arts, play, aggressions, relationships
2. Communication demands our attention
3. It is the study of human activity
4. It provides us with insight and skills (ability to solve problems)
5. Communication helps us to develop transferable knowledge
6. Communication helps us to develop critical thinking skills, language skills and people skills
Friday, July 31, 2009
LESSON 1
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION.
What is intercultural communication?
Intercultural communication refers to an academic field of study and research about how people from different countries and cultures behave, communicate and perceive the world around them.
Intercultural communication also includes other fields such as anthropology, cultural studies, psychology and communication.
Intercultural communication can also be defined as the interpersonal interaction between members of different groups, which differ from each other in respect of the knowledge shared by their members and in respect of their linguistic forms of symbolic behaviour.
The theories developed by the researchers and academics can and have been applied to many fields such as business, management, marketing, advertising and website design.
As business becomes more and more international, many companies need to know how best to structure their companies manage staff and communicate with customers. Intercultural communication gives them an insight into the areas they need to address or understand.
Intercultural communication theories are now also used within the education, health care and other public services due to growing multicultural populations.
WHY DO WE COMMUNICATE? WHAT HAPPENS IF WE DON'T COMMUNICATE?
Research has shown that when people are isolated and made to grow without contact with others, they will not develop to their fullest potentials. People who are isolated have capabilities less than those who are raised within the confines of civilization.
People who don’t communicate or interact with others will not be wise, rather they become stunted by the experience rather than enhanced by it.
INTRODUCTION TO INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION.
What is intercultural communication?
Intercultural communication refers to an academic field of study and research about how people from different countries and cultures behave, communicate and perceive the world around them.
Intercultural communication also includes other fields such as anthropology, cultural studies, psychology and communication.
Intercultural communication can also be defined as the interpersonal interaction between members of different groups, which differ from each other in respect of the knowledge shared by their members and in respect of their linguistic forms of symbolic behaviour.
The theories developed by the researchers and academics can and have been applied to many fields such as business, management, marketing, advertising and website design.
As business becomes more and more international, many companies need to know how best to structure their companies manage staff and communicate with customers. Intercultural communication gives them an insight into the areas they need to address or understand.
Intercultural communication theories are now also used within the education, health care and other public services due to growing multicultural populations.
WHY DO WE COMMUNICATE? WHAT HAPPENS IF WE DON'T COMMUNICATE?
Research has shown that when people are isolated and made to grow without contact with others, they will not develop to their fullest potentials. People who are isolated have capabilities less than those who are raised within the confines of civilization.
People who don’t communicate or interact with others will not be wise, rather they become stunted by the experience rather than enhanced by it.
LESSON 3: The Field of Communication
LESSON 3: The Field of Communication
I. Understanding, Defining and Meaning of Communication:
Many communication experts have attempted to define Communication.
Communication is the process of sending and receiving ideas by means of verbal symbols.
In this sense communication is a process through which human beings interact.
Communication can also be defined as the entire process through which the sender and receiver exchange message in form of information, experience, ideas, facts, beliefs, and attitudes.
In other words, communication is the process of sending, receiving, and interpreting messages through which we relate to each other and to our larger world as well.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
From the definition of Communication, we can see clearly that communication occurs when somebody says something to someone for a purpose.
There are several important elements of communication.
1. Sender (Source): this is the person from which the communication starts.
2. Message: This is the information or something the sender intends to send.
3. Receiver: This is the person who receives the information( message)
4. Stimulus: Something which propels communication. It is closely associated to the Source.
5. Medium: this refers to the form by which the source transfer his message to the receiver.
There are three media available to the source are oral, written and non verbal media.
Oral: when the source decides to speak out his mind
Written: when the source decides to put it in black and white
Non Verbal: the source decides to use gestures or body language.
6. The channel is another important element of communication. Channel is different from Medium. The medium is the form that the source used to put the message across while Channel is the actual conveyor of the message. For example, channel can be face to face, radio, television, telephone etc for oral communication, Letter, memorandum, report, newspaper, magazine etc for written communication while drawing, carvings, painting, sculpture etc for non Verbal Communication.
7. Feedback: This is the receiver's response to the sender's message. Without feedback, communication is incomplete. Feedback determines the success or failure of the communication between the sender and receiver.
8. Noise: This is also another element of communication because it can affect the success of communication. Noise refers to all distractions, which may obstruct any stage of the communication process.
There are three types of noise:
Physical noise: any natural of event which can be seen, heard or touched but has nothing to do with thought or mind. E.g radio, television sound or any impairment of hearing, vision or speech.
Psychological noise: this is traceable to the expression of mind and may include emotional outburst, poor mental attitude or fatigue
Linguistic noise: This concerns the inability to use or understand the language of communication effectively.
e.g Semantic noise: wrong choice of words, misinterpretation of words and unfamiliarity of words.
Grammatical noise: This may be as a result of syntax error or wrong use of grammar.
Phonological noise: This may occur as a result of poor pronunciation, poor intonation or poor stress.
9. Signal: This is the last element of communication. this refers to symbols and codes employed by those involved in communication. If the source understands the language of communication well, he will be able to encode the message perfectly. A thorough understanding of the language will also enable the receiver to decode the message accurately.
I. Understanding, Defining and Meaning of Communication:
Many communication experts have attempted to define Communication.
Communication is the process of sending and receiving ideas by means of verbal symbols.
In this sense communication is a process through which human beings interact.
Communication can also be defined as the entire process through which the sender and receiver exchange message in form of information, experience, ideas, facts, beliefs, and attitudes.
In other words, communication is the process of sending, receiving, and interpreting messages through which we relate to each other and to our larger world as well.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
From the definition of Communication, we can see clearly that communication occurs when somebody says something to someone for a purpose.
There are several important elements of communication.
1. Sender (Source): this is the person from which the communication starts.
2. Message: This is the information or something the sender intends to send.
3. Receiver: This is the person who receives the information( message)
4. Stimulus: Something which propels communication. It is closely associated to the Source.
5. Medium: this refers to the form by which the source transfer his message to the receiver.
There are three media available to the source are oral, written and non verbal media.
Oral: when the source decides to speak out his mind
Written: when the source decides to put it in black and white
Non Verbal: the source decides to use gestures or body language.
6. The channel is another important element of communication. Channel is different from Medium. The medium is the form that the source used to put the message across while Channel is the actual conveyor of the message. For example, channel can be face to face, radio, television, telephone etc for oral communication, Letter, memorandum, report, newspaper, magazine etc for written communication while drawing, carvings, painting, sculpture etc for non Verbal Communication.
7. Feedback: This is the receiver's response to the sender's message. Without feedback, communication is incomplete. Feedback determines the success or failure of the communication between the sender and receiver.
8. Noise: This is also another element of communication because it can affect the success of communication. Noise refers to all distractions, which may obstruct any stage of the communication process.
There are three types of noise:
Physical noise: any natural of event which can be seen, heard or touched but has nothing to do with thought or mind. E.g radio, television sound or any impairment of hearing, vision or speech.
Psychological noise: this is traceable to the expression of mind and may include emotional outburst, poor mental attitude or fatigue
Linguistic noise: This concerns the inability to use or understand the language of communication effectively.
e.g Semantic noise: wrong choice of words, misinterpretation of words and unfamiliarity of words.
Grammatical noise: This may be as a result of syntax error or wrong use of grammar.
Phonological noise: This may occur as a result of poor pronunciation, poor intonation or poor stress.
9. Signal: This is the last element of communication. this refers to symbols and codes employed by those involved in communication. If the source understands the language of communication well, he will be able to encode the message perfectly. A thorough understanding of the language will also enable the receiver to decode the message accurately.
LESSON 3: The Field of Communication
LESSON 3: The Field of Communication
I. Understanding, Defining and Meaning of Communication:
Many communication experts have attempted to define Communication.
Communication is the process of sending and receiving ideas by means of verbal symbols.
In this sense communication is a process through which human beings interact.
Communication can also be defined as the entire process through which the sender and receiver exchange message in form of information, experience, ideas, facts, beliefs, and attitudes.
In other words, communication is the process of sending, receiving, and interpreting messages through which we relate to each other and to our larger world as well.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
From the definition of Communication, we can see clearly that communication occurs when somebody says something to someone for a purpose.
There are several important elements of communication.
1. Sender (Source): this is the person from which the communication starts.
2. Message: This is the information or something the sender intends to send.
3. Receiver: This is the person who receives the information( message)
4. Stimulus: Something which propels communication. It is closely associated to the Source.
5. Medium: this refers to the form by which the source transfer his message to the receiver.
There are three media available to the source are oral, written and non verbal media.
Oral: when the source decides to speak out his mind
Written: when the source decides to put it in black and white
Non Verbal: the source decides to use gestures or body language.
6. The channel is another important element of communication. Channel is different from Medium. The medium is the form that the source used to put the message across while Channel is the actual conveyor of the message. For example, channel can be face to face, radio, television, telephone etc for oral communication, Letter, memorandum, report, newspaper, magazine etc for written communication while drawing, carvings, painting, sculpture etc for non Verbal Communication.
7. Feedback: This is the receiver's response to the sender's message. Without feedback, communication is incomplete. Feedback determines the success or failure of the communication between the sender and receiver.
8. Noise: This is also another element of communication because it can affect the success of communication. Noise refers to all distractions, which may obstruct any stage of the communication process.
There are three types of noise:
Physical noise: any natural of event which can be seen, heard or touched but has nothing to do with thought or mind. E.g radio, television sound or any impairment of hearing, vision or speech.
Psychological noise: this is traceable to the expression of mind and may include emotional outburst, poor mental attitude or fatigue
Linguistic noise: This concerns the inability to use or understand the language of communication effectively.
e.g Semantic noise: wrong choice of words, misinterpretation of words and unfamiliarity of words.
Grammatical noise: This may be as a result of syntax error or wrong use of grammar.
Phonological noise: This may occur as a result of poor pronunciation, poor intonation or poor stress.
9. Signal: This is the last element of communication. this refers to symbols and codes employed by those involved in communication. If the source understands the language of communication well, he will be able to encode the message perfectly. A thorough understanding of the language will also enable the receiver to decode the message accurately.
I. Understanding, Defining and Meaning of Communication:
Many communication experts have attempted to define Communication.
Communication is the process of sending and receiving ideas by means of verbal symbols.
In this sense communication is a process through which human beings interact.
Communication can also be defined as the entire process through which the sender and receiver exchange message in form of information, experience, ideas, facts, beliefs, and attitudes.
In other words, communication is the process of sending, receiving, and interpreting messages through which we relate to each other and to our larger world as well.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
From the definition of Communication, we can see clearly that communication occurs when somebody says something to someone for a purpose.
There are several important elements of communication.
1. Sender (Source): this is the person from which the communication starts.
2. Message: This is the information or something the sender intends to send.
3. Receiver: This is the person who receives the information( message)
4. Stimulus: Something which propels communication. It is closely associated to the Source.
5. Medium: this refers to the form by which the source transfer his message to the receiver.
There are three media available to the source are oral, written and non verbal media.
Oral: when the source decides to speak out his mind
Written: when the source decides to put it in black and white
Non Verbal: the source decides to use gestures or body language.
6. The channel is another important element of communication. Channel is different from Medium. The medium is the form that the source used to put the message across while Channel is the actual conveyor of the message. For example, channel can be face to face, radio, television, telephone etc for oral communication, Letter, memorandum, report, newspaper, magazine etc for written communication while drawing, carvings, painting, sculpture etc for non Verbal Communication.
7. Feedback: This is the receiver's response to the sender's message. Without feedback, communication is incomplete. Feedback determines the success or failure of the communication between the sender and receiver.
8. Noise: This is also another element of communication because it can affect the success of communication. Noise refers to all distractions, which may obstruct any stage of the communication process.
There are three types of noise:
Physical noise: any natural of event which can be seen, heard or touched but has nothing to do with thought or mind. E.g radio, television sound or any impairment of hearing, vision or speech.
Psychological noise: this is traceable to the expression of mind and may include emotional outburst, poor mental attitude or fatigue
Linguistic noise: This concerns the inability to use or understand the language of communication effectively.
e.g Semantic noise: wrong choice of words, misinterpretation of words and unfamiliarity of words.
Grammatical noise: This may be as a result of syntax error or wrong use of grammar.
Phonological noise: This may occur as a result of poor pronunciation, poor intonation or poor stress.
9. Signal: This is the last element of communication. this refers to symbols and codes employed by those involved in communication. If the source understands the language of communication well, he will be able to encode the message perfectly. A thorough understanding of the language will also enable the receiver to decode the message accurately.
Monday, July 27, 2009
chhay.piseth Assignment 3
I. Understanding, Defining and Meaning of Communication:
Many communication experts have attempted to define Communication.
Communication is the process of sending and receiving ideas by means of verbal symbols.
In this sense communication is a process through which human beings interact.
Communication can also be defined as the entire process through which the source purposely conveys message in form of information, experience, ideas, facts, beliefs, attitudes to the receiver.
In other words, communication is the process of sending, receiving, and interpreting messages though which we relate to each other and to our larger world as well.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
From the definition of Communication, we can see clearly that communication occurs when somebody says something to someone for a purpose.
There are several important elements of communication.
1. Sender (Source): this is the person from which the communication starts.
2. Message: This is the information or something the sender intends to send.
3. Receiver: This is the person who receives the information( message)
4. Stimulus: Something which propels communication. It is closely associated to the Source.
5. Medium: this refers to the form by which the source transfer his message to the receiver.
There are three media available to the source are oral, written and non verbal media.
Oral: when the source decides to speak out his mind
Written: when the source decides to put it in black and white
Non Verbal: the source decides to use gestures or body language.
6. The channel is another important element of communication. Channel is different from Medium. The medium is the form that the source used to put the message across while Channel is the actual conveyor of the message. For example, channel can be face to face, radio, television, telephone etc for oral communication, Letter, memorandum, report, newspaper, magazine etc for written communication while drawing, carvings, painting, sculpture etc for non Verbal Communication.
7. Feedback: This is the receiver's response to the sender's message. Without feedback, communication is incomplete. Feedback determines the success or failure of the communication between the sender and receiver.
8. Noise: This is also another element of communication because it can affect the success of communication. Noise refers to all distractions, which may obstruct any stage of the communication process.
There are three types of noise:
Physical noise: any natural of event which can be seen, heard or touched but has nothing to do with thought or mind. E.g radio, television sound or any impairment of hearing, vision or speech.
Psychological noise: this is traceable to the expression of mind and may include emotional outburst, poor mental attitude or fatigue
Linguistic noise: This concerns the inability to use or understand the language of communication effectively.
e.g Semantic noise: wrong choice of words, misinterpretation of words and unfamiliarity of words.
Grammatical noise: This may be as a result of syntax error or wrong use of grammar.
Phonological noise: This may occur as a result of poor pronunciation, poor intonation or poor stress.
9. Signal: This is the last element of communication. this refers to symbols and codes employed by those involved in communication. If the source understands the language of communication well, he will be able to encode the message perfectly. A thorough understanding of the language will also enable the receiver to decode the message accurately.
Many communication experts have attempted to define Communication.
Communication is the process of sending and receiving ideas by means of verbal symbols.
In this sense communication is a process through which human beings interact.
Communication can also be defined as the entire process through which the source purposely conveys message in form of information, experience, ideas, facts, beliefs, attitudes to the receiver.
In other words, communication is the process of sending, receiving, and interpreting messages though which we relate to each other and to our larger world as well.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
From the definition of Communication, we can see clearly that communication occurs when somebody says something to someone for a purpose.
There are several important elements of communication.
1. Sender (Source): this is the person from which the communication starts.
2. Message: This is the information or something the sender intends to send.
3. Receiver: This is the person who receives the information( message)
4. Stimulus: Something which propels communication. It is closely associated to the Source.
5. Medium: this refers to the form by which the source transfer his message to the receiver.
There are three media available to the source are oral, written and non verbal media.
Oral: when the source decides to speak out his mind
Written: when the source decides to put it in black and white
Non Verbal: the source decides to use gestures or body language.
6. The channel is another important element of communication. Channel is different from Medium. The medium is the form that the source used to put the message across while Channel is the actual conveyor of the message. For example, channel can be face to face, radio, television, telephone etc for oral communication, Letter, memorandum, report, newspaper, magazine etc for written communication while drawing, carvings, painting, sculpture etc for non Verbal Communication.
7. Feedback: This is the receiver's response to the sender's message. Without feedback, communication is incomplete. Feedback determines the success or failure of the communication between the sender and receiver.
8. Noise: This is also another element of communication because it can affect the success of communication. Noise refers to all distractions, which may obstruct any stage of the communication process.
There are three types of noise:
Physical noise: any natural of event which can be seen, heard or touched but has nothing to do with thought or mind. E.g radio, television sound or any impairment of hearing, vision or speech.
Psychological noise: this is traceable to the expression of mind and may include emotional outburst, poor mental attitude or fatigue
Linguistic noise: This concerns the inability to use or understand the language of communication effectively.
e.g Semantic noise: wrong choice of words, misinterpretation of words and unfamiliarity of words.
Grammatical noise: This may be as a result of syntax error or wrong use of grammar.
Phonological noise: This may occur as a result of poor pronunciation, poor intonation or poor stress.
9. Signal: This is the last element of communication. this refers to symbols and codes employed by those involved in communication. If the source understands the language of communication well, he will be able to encode the message perfectly. A thorough understanding of the language will also enable the receiver to decode the message accurately.
Saturday, July 25, 2009
The definition of communication
The definition of communication
| 1. | the act or process of communicating; fact of being communicated. |
| 2. | the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs. |
| 3. | something imparted, interchanged, or transmitted. |
| 4. | a document or message imparting news, views, information, etc. |
| 5. | passage, or an opportunity or means of passage, between places. |
| 6. | communications,
|
| 7. | Biology.
|
More about lesson
- The act of communicating; transmission.
- The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.
- Interpersonal rapport.
- communications (used with a sing. or pl. verb)
- The art and technique of using words effectively to impart information or ideas.
- The field of study concerned with the transmission of information by various means, such as print or broadcasting.
- Any of various professions involved with the transmission of information, such as advertising, broadcasting, or journalism.
- Something communicated; a message.
- communications A means of communicating, especially:
- A system, such as mail, telephone, or television, for sending and receiving messages.
- A network of routes for sending messages and transporting troops and supplies.
- communications The technology employed in transmitting messages.
- Biology. The transfer of information from one molecule, cell, or organism to another, as by chemical or electrical signals or by behaviors.
- Anatomy.
- An opening or connecting passage between two structures.
- A joining or connecting of solid fibrous structures, such as tendons and nerves.
hundara.2008 Said
1. Why is communication a process?
2. Describe Briefly how messages can be passed between the parties involved in a communication process.
3. Why is interpretation Necessary in the communication process?
Answer;
1. because communication, is not a single,is ongoing, it begins when two or more parties(sender and receiver),is irreversible,one the being, it can't go back to its beginning and start all over.
2.Message can be passed the parties,because:
- signals sent with the intent of creating understanding in the receiver.
- We send written transmission through a wide variety of communication channel: letters, faxes,newspapers, magazine etc.
- We send aural messages through telephone,radio,and various type of musical devices.
- Some even communicate through the use of drums, flags, fireworks, mirror flashes, waggling airplane wings,and firing shots across the bow.
3. Because communication, misunderstanding is always a possibility in communicate.
2. Describe Briefly how messages can be passed between the parties involved in a communication process.
3. Why is interpretation Necessary in the communication process?
Answer;
1. because communication, is not a single,is ongoing, it begins when two or more parties(sender and receiver),is irreversible,one the being, it can't go back to its beginning and start all over.
2.Message can be passed the parties,because:
- signals sent with the intent of creating understanding in the receiver.
- We send written transmission through a wide variety of communication channel: letters, faxes,newspapers, magazine etc.
- We send aural messages through telephone,radio,and various type of musical devices.
- Some even communicate through the use of drums, flags, fireworks, mirror flashes, waggling airplane wings,and firing shots across the bow.
3. Because communication, misunderstanding is always a possibility in communicate.
Thursday, July 23, 2009
Successful football manager
Sir Alexander Chapman Ferguson, CBE, more commonly known as Alex Ferguson, Sir Alex, or Fergie (born 31 December 1941 in Govan, Glasgow) is a Scottish football manager and former player, currently managing Manchester United , where he has been in charge since 1986. He has won more trophies than any other manager in the history of the English game.With 22 years as manager of Manchester United, he is the second-longest serving manager in their history after Sir Matt Busby, while his tenure is the longest of all the current League managers. During this time, Ferguson has won many awards and holds many records including winning Manager of the Year most times in British football history. Manchester United have won more honours during Ferguson's tenure than they did in all the years combined prior to his appointment.He was an inaugural inductee into the English Football Hall of Fame for his great services to the English game, was knighted in 1999 by Queen Elizabeth II and currently holds the Freedom of the City of Aberdeen for his services to the city, having managed the city's football club to a host of major trophies in the early to mid 1980s.
Sir Alex Ferguson is the most successful manager in British football history – winning more than 30 trophies during his time in charge of the Reds. Yet despite more than two decades at the United helm he remains focused on increasing that tally, bringing yet more silverware to Old Trafford.The Reds boss enjoyed a playing career north of the border that saw him take in spells with Queen's Park, St Johnstone, Dunfermline, Glasgow Rangers, Falkirk and Ayr United. But it is not for his playing of the game that Sir Alex was to become a success. Following a spell out of the game he moved into coaching, taking up the role of manager of East Stirlingshire, St Mirren then Aberdeen. It was his time at Pittodrie where he earned his reputation as a top coach. He broke the Glasgow dominance of Scottish football to lead Aberdeen to three Scottish titles, four Scottish cups, one League Cup and one European Cup Winners’ Cup.Following the sacking of Ron Atkinson as manager of Manchester United, the Old Trafford hierarchy moved quickly for his services. They got their man on 6 November 1986.Ferguson inherited a dispirited team of underachievers supporters’ discontent, failed to break Liverpool’s domination. Stuck in the bottom four of the Division One table, Ferguson immediately set about attempting to stave off the very real threat of relegation. Without resorting to the transfer market, he guided United up the table to and eleventh place finish. By now it was clear to Ferguson that he faced a major job in turning the club around. United were an entertaining side but one that seemed unable to cope with the more physical aspects of League football. In his second season the Reds fared better finishing second behind Liverpool, but the position painted a falsepicture. The turning point came in the 1989/90 season. Following a run of games in which the Reds were drawn away in every round, United picked up their first silverware of the Ferguson era. Lee Martin scoring the only goal in a final replay against Crystal Palace to in the FA Cup.This first trophy opened the flood gates. The European Cup Winners’ Cup was won the following season in Rotterdam, Barcelona defeated 2-1 thanks to a brace from Mark Hughes. Then in 1991/02 the League Cup was added to United’s list of honours.Sadly the title remained elusive. It was the Holy Grail to United fans, the 26 championships free years being exacerbated by Liverpool’s dominance of the domestic and European game. In 1992/93 the long wait for the League championship came to an end. The Reds, inspired by £1m signing Eric Cantona, pipping Aston Villa in the final weeks of the season.The shackles were broken: the double followed in 1993/94, the double-Double (with ‘kids’) in 1995/96, and another title in 1997. Finally United were matching off-field might with on-field success. Liverpool’s dominance was well and truly over.Sir Alex’s greatestachievement came in 1998/99. No side before or since has achieved a treble haul of Premiership title, FA Cup and European Cup. On an unforgettable night in Barcelona his decision to throw on substitutes Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer assured history was made. The pair scored injury-time goals to win the Champions League and complete the treble.Ferguson was knighted following that success and some suggested he should retire, believing his desire would wane following the realisation of a dream. Not a bit of it. Another title followed in 1999/2000 and he made it three-in-row in 2000/01. His eighth Premiership duly arrived in 2002/03; his fourth FA Cup a year later, against Millwall in Cardiff. The Reds had by now entered a period of rebuilding. The side of homegrown players he’d first put together in 1995/96 was now breaking up and he’d recruited new stars like Wayne Rooney and Cristiano Ronaldo to spark a new era of success.The rebuilding paid off with victory in the Carling Cup in 2005/06 and a ninth Premier League trophy in 2006/07. In May 2007 Sir Alex swooped for three players - Anderson, Nani and Owen Hargreaves - to bolster an already strong squad. This evolving team claimed more glory in 2007/08, defending the Premier League title and securing Sir Alex's second Champions League triumph.United followed European success by winning the FIFA Club World Cup in Japan in December 2008. The Reds then claimed the Carling Cup in March 2009 by beating Tottenham on penalties in the final. On 16 May 2009, United achieved what had seemed an impossible mission when Sir Alex arrived in 1986, equalling Liverpool's long-standing record of 18 league championships. Beating Liverpool to the 2008/09 crown - Sir Alex's 11th title in 17 seasons - made the feat even sweeter.
How to make life successful
Bill Gates came from a family of entrepreneurship and high-spirited liveliness. William Henry Gates III was born in Seattle, Washington on October 28th, 1955. His father, William H. Gates II, is a Seattle attorney. His late mother, Mary Gates, was a schoolteacher, University of Washington regent, and chairwoman of United Way International.Bill Gates - Early Life!!!
He had an early interest in software and began programming computers at the age of thirteen. In 1973, Bill Gates became a student at Harvard University, where he meet Steve Ballmer (now Microsoft's chief executive officer). While still a Harvard undergraduate, Bill Gates wrote a version of the programming language BASIC for the MITS Altair microcomputer.Did you know that as young teenagers Bill Gates and Paul Allen ran a small company called Traf-O-Data and sold a computer to the city of Seattle that could count city traffic?
Bill Gates & Microsoft!!!
In 1975, before graduation Gates left Harvard to form Microsoft with his childhood friend Paul Allen. The pair planned to develop software for the newly emerging personal computer market.Bill Gate's company Microsoft became famous for their computer operating systems and killer business deals. For example, Bill Gates talked IBM into letting Microsoft retain the licensing rights to MS-DOS an operating system, that IBM needed for their new personal computer. Gates proceeded to make a fortune from the licensing of MS-DOS.
On November 10, 1983, at the Plaza Hotel in New York City, Microsoft Corporation formally announced Microsoft Windows, a next-generation operating system.
On January 1, 1994, Bill Gates married Melinda French Gates. They have three children.
Bill Gates PhilanthropistBill Gates and his wife, Melinda, have endowed the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation with more than $28.8 billion (as of January 2005) to support philanthropic initiatives in the areas of global health and learning.
On November 10, 1983, at the Plaza Hotel in New York City, Microsoft Corporation formally announced Microsoft Windows, a next-generation operating system.
On January 1, 1994, Bill Gates married Melinda French Gates. They have three children.
Bill Gates PhilanthropistBill Gates and his wife, Melinda, have endowed the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation with more than $28.8 billion (as of January 2005) to support philanthropic initiatives in the areas of global health and learning.
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